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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ellibs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Электронные библиотеки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Digital Libraries Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1562-5419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/1562-5419-2026-29-2-486-502</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ellibs-758</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разделение процессов потоков тепла в Северной Атлантике на различные составляющие и их анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Separation of Heat Flow Processes in the North Atlantic into Various Components and Their Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тучкова</surname><given-names>Наталия Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuchkova</surname><given-names>Natalia Pavlovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ntuchkova@frccsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Константин Павлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>Konstantin Pavlovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kosbel55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Гурий Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Gury Mikhailovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gmihaylov@frccsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромашина</surname><given-names>Ксения Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashina</surname><given-names>Kseniya Alekseevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">romashinaka@my.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>486</fpage><lpage>502</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тучкова Н.П., Беляев К.П., Михайлов Г.М., Ромашина К.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тучкова Н.П., Беляев К.П., Михайлов Г.М., Ромашина К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tuchkova N.P., Belyaev K.P., Mikhailov G.M., Romashina K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ellibs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/758">https://ellibs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/758</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучено распределение потоков тепла в Северной Атлантике, рассчитанное по схеме стохастического разностного уравнения, а именно по авторегрессионной схеме первого порядка со случайными коэффициентами. Использована база данных ERA 5, содержащая геофизические данные за 40 лет, с 1979 по 2018 г. Коэффициенты для последовательности авторегрессии определены на основе этих данных ранее и показано, что условия на коэффициенты обеспечивают существование и единственность решения этого разностного уравнения. Метод расчета распределений основан на последовательном интегрировании с использованием авторегрессионной схемы. Выполнены численные эксперименты и проведен их анализ. Установлено, что теоретически рассчитанные распределения хорошо соответствуют своим эмпирическим аналогам. Кроме того, при разбиении исходного временного ряда на выделенное среднее (тренд) и остаток, последний проанализирован как стационарный случайный процесс. Построены выборочные корреляционные функции и показано, что они хорошо аппроксимируются известными аналитическими выражениями, которые допускают фильтрацию и прогноз искомого процесса в явном виде. Численные расчеты выполнены на суперкомпьютере «Ломоносов-2» Московского государственного университета имени М. В. Ломоносова.
</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The heat flux distribution in the North Atlantic calculated using a stochastic difference equation scheme, namely, a first-order autoregressive scheme with random coefficients, is studied. The ERA5 database, containing geophysical data for 40 years, from 1979 to 2018, is used. The coefficients for the autoregressive series were previously determined based on these data, and it is shown that the conditions on the coefficients ensure the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this difference equation. The method for calculating distributions is based on successive integration using an autoregressive scheme. Computational experiments are conducted and analyzed. Moreover, it is shown that the theoretically calculated distributions are in good agreement with their empirical counterparts. Further, after the division of the original time series into a distinguished mean (trend) and a residual, the latter is analyzed as a stationary random process. Selected correlation functions were calculated and it is shown that they are well approximated by known analytical expressions. Those approximations allow explicitly filtering and prediction of the process under study. Numerical calculations were performed on the Lomonosov-2 supercomputer at Moscow State University.
</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анализ данных наблюдений</kwd><kwd>диффузионный стохастический процесс</kwd><kwd>изменчивость теплового потока</kwd><kwd>уравнение Фоккера–Планка–Колмогорова</kwd><kwd>стохастическое разностное уравнение</kwd><kwd>уравнение Фредгольма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>data analysis</kwd><kwd>diffusion stochastic process</kwd><kwd>heat flux variability</kwd><kwd>Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation</kwd><kwd>stochastic difference equation</kwd><kwd>Fredholm equation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersbach H., et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis // Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2020. Vol. 146. No. 730. P. 1999–2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersbach H., et al. 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