<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ellibs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Электронные библиотеки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Digital Libraries Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1562-5419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/1562-5419-2025-28-4-884-902</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ellibs-597</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цифровой двойник парковочного пространства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Digital Twin of Parking Space</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минниханов</surname><given-names>Рифкат Нургалиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minnikhanov</surname><given-names>Rifkat Nurgalievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Priemnaya.Minnihanov@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баторшин</surname><given-names>Тимур Русланович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batorshin</surname><given-names>Timur Ruslanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Timur.Batorshin.02@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габбазов</surname><given-names>Руслан Марселевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabbazov</surname><given-names>Ruslan Marselevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">GabbazovRM@stud.kai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фахразиев</surname><given-names>Рузель Ильдарович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fakhraziev</surname><given-names>Ruzel Ildarovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">FakhrazievRI@stud.kai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катасёв</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katasev</surname><given-names>Alexey Sergeevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ASKatasev@kai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дагаева</surname><given-names>Мария Витальевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dagaeva</surname><given-names>Maria Vitalievna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ITS.Center.kzn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадрутдинов</surname><given-names>Инзиль Ринатович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badrutdinov</surname><given-names>Inzil Rinatovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">BadrutdinovIR@stud.kai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия наук Республики Татарстан</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatarstan Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А. Н. Туполева-КАИ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev-KAI</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Безопасность дорожного движения»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SBI "Road Safety"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>884</fpage><lpage>902</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минниханов Р.Н., Баторшин Т.Р., Габбазов Р.М., Фахразиев Р.И., Катасёв А.С., Дагаева М.В., Бадрутдинов И.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минниханов Р.Н., Баторшин Т.Р., Габбазов Р.М., Фахразиев Р.И., Катасёв А.С., Дагаева М.В., Бадрутдинов И.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minnikhanov R.N., Batorshin T.R., Gabbazov  R.M., Fakhraziev R.I., Katasev A.S., Dagaeva M.V., Badrutdinov I.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ellibs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/597">https://ellibs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/597</self-uri><abstract><p>Рост уровня урбанизации и автомобилизации приводит к дефициту парковочных мест, что вызывает заторы, повышение выбросов и снижение качества жизни. Традиционные методы организации парковочного пространства не обеспечивают эффективного решения этой проблемы, что требует применения инструментов анализа данных и прогнозирования.


В работе рассмотрено использование цифрового двойника парковочной системы города Казани. Проведены фильтрация и интеграция данных, выполнены кластеризация точек интереса и корреляционный анализ факторов, влияющих на заполняемость парковок. Для прогнозирования уровня загруженности обучены и сравнены модели линейной регрессии, дерева решений, случайного леса, XGBoost, MLP и LSTM. Наилучшие результаты продемонстрировала модель случайного леса. Разработанный прототип цифрового двойника обеспечивает мониторинг и сценарное моделирование, что делает его эффективным инструментом для оптимизации парковочного пространства и принятия управленческих решений.
</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Increasing urbanization and motorization lead to a shortage of parking spaces, resulting in congestion, increased emissions, and a declining quality of life. Traditional parking management methods are ineffective in addressing this issue, necessitating the use of data analysis and forecasting tools. This paper examines the use of a digital twin of the Kazan parking system. Data was filtered and integrated, points of interest were clustered, and a correlation analysis of factors influencing parking occupancy was performed. Linear regression, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, MLP, and LSTM models were trained and compared to predict occupancy levels. The random forest model demonstrated the best results. The developed digital twin prototype enables monitoring and scenario modeling, making it an effective tool for parking space optimization and management decision-making.
</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>парковки</kwd><kwd>заполняемость парковочных мест</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>точки интереса</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>parking</kwd><kwd>parking space occupancy</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>points of interest</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amusan A.A., Ogunleye G.A. A Digital Twin-Enabled Smart Car Park Management System: Architecture and Impact on Emission Reduction // FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2024. Vol. 9. No. 4. P. 629–635.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amusan A.A., Ogunleye G.A. A Digital Twin-Enabled Smart Car Park Management System: Architecture and Impact on Emission Reduction // FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2024. Vol. 9. No. 4. P. 629–635.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coching J.K. et al. Digital Twinning Mechanism and Building Information Modeling for a Smart Parking Management System // Smart Cities. 2025. Vol. 8. No. 5. P. 146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coching J.K. et al. Digital Twinning Mechanism and Building Information Modeling for a Smart Parking Management System // Smart Cities. 2025. Vol. 8. No. 5. P. 146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou Y. et al. A Digital Twin prototype for smart parking management // ECPPM 2022-eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction 2022. CRC Press, 2023. P. 250–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou Y. et al. A Digital Twin prototype for smart parking management // ECPPM 2022-eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction 2022. CRC Press, 2023. P. 250–257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen W., Wang X., Wu M. Intelligent Parking Service System Design Based on Digital Twin for Old Residential Areas // Electronics. 2024. Vol. 13. No. 23. P. 4597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen W., Wang X., Wu M. Intelligent Parking Service System Design Based on Digital Twin for Old Residential Areas // Electronics. 2024. Vol. 13. No. 23. P. 4597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Open Street Map. URL: https://www.openstreetmap.org/ (last access: 25.08.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Open Street Map. URL: https://www.openstreetmap.org/ (last access: 25.08.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorparkovki Kazan'. Oficial'nyj sajt servisa parkovok . URL: https://parkingkzn.ru/ru/ (last access: 25.08.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorparkovki Kazan'. Oficial'nyj sajt servisa parkovok . URL: https://parkingkzn.ru/ru/ (last access: 25.08.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aliguliyev R., Tahirzada S.F. Performance comparison of k-means, parallel k-means and k-means++ // Reliability: Theory &amp; Applications. 2025. Vol. 20. No. S7 (83). P. 169–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliguliyev R., Tahirzada S.F. Performance comparison of k-means, parallel k-means and k-means++ // Reliability: Theory &amp; Applications. 2025. Vol. 20. No. S7 (83). P. 169–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazilevsky M.P. Reshenie optimizacionnoj zadachi ocenivaniya modelej polnosvyaznoj linejnoj regressii // Modeling and data analysis. 2024. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 121–134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazilevsky M.P. Reshenie optimizacionnoj zadachi ocenivaniya modelej polnosvyaznoj linejnoj regressii // Modeling and data analysis. 2024. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 121–134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pyrnova O.A., Katasev A.S. Postroenie i ocenka effektivnosti modeli dereva reshenij dlya prognozirovaniya uspevaemosti obuchayushchihsya // Engineering Bulletin of the Don. 2024. No. 4 (112). P. 578–584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pyrnova O.A., Katasev A.S. Postroenie i ocenka effektivnosti modeli dereva reshenij dlya prognozirovaniya uspevaemosti obuchayushchihsya // Engineering Bulletin of the Don. 2024. No. 4 (112). P. 578–584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utkin L., Konstantinov A. Random survival forests incorporated by the Nadaraya-Watson regression // Informatics and Automation. 2022. Vol. 21. No. 5. P. 851–880.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utkin L., Konstantinov A. Random survival forests incorporated by the Nadaraya-Watson regression // Informatics and Automation. 2022. Vol. 21. No. 5. P. 851–880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen T., Guestrin C. XGBoost: A scalable tree boosting system // Proceedings of the 22nd acm sigkdd international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining. 2016. P. 785–794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen T., Guestrin C. XGBoost: A scalable tree boosting system // Proceedings of the 22nd acm sigkdd international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining. 2016. P. 785–794.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matveeva K.A., Minnikhanov R.N., Katasev A.S. Svertochnaya nejrosetevaya model' akusticheskogo obnaruzheniya avarijno-spasatel'nyh mashin // Bulletin of the Technological University. 2024. Vol. 27. No. 1. P. 76–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveeva K.A., Minnikhanov R.N., Katasev A.S. Svertochnaya nejrosetevaya model' akusticheskogo obnaruzheniya avarijno-spasatel'nyh mashin // Bulletin of the Technological University. 2024. Vol. 27. No. 1. P. 76–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komartsova L.G., Kadnikov D.S. Issledovanie geneticheskih algoritmov dlya obucheniya mnogoslojnogo perseptrona // Neurocomputers: development, application. 2010. No. 12. P. 12–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komartsova L.G., Kadnikov D.S. Issledovanie geneticheskih algoritmov dlya obucheniya mnogoslojnogo perseptrona // Neurocomputers: development, application. 2010. No. 12. P. 12–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochreiter S., Schmidhuber J. Long short-term memory // Neural computation. 1997. Vol. 9. No. 8. P. 1735–1780.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochreiter S., Schmidhuber J. Long short-term memory // Neural computation. 1997. Vol. 9. No. 8. P. 1735–1780.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emaletdinova L.Yu., Vildanov N.R., Katasev A.S. Ispol'zovanie nejrosetevoj modeli TCN-LSTM dlya prognozirovaniya znachenij vremennogo ryada // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Volga Region. 2023. No. 6. P. 62–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emaletdinova L.Yu., Vildanov N.R., Katasev A.S. Ispol'zovanie nejrosetevoj modeli TCN-LSTM dlya prognozirovaniya znachenij vremennogo ryada // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Volga Region. 2023. No. 6. P. 62–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
