<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ellibs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Электронные библиотеки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Digital Libraries Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1562-5419</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/1562-5419-2025-28-1-41-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ellibs-543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый метод описания вихревых ковариационных экологических данных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Method of Description of Eddy-Covariance Ecologic Data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нигматуллин</surname><given-names>Равиль Рашидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nigmatullin</surname><given-names>Raoul Rashidovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">renigmat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>Alexander Alekseevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sharebox@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осокин</surname><given-names>Сергей Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osokin</surname><given-names>Sergey Igorevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">s.osokin@it.kfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени А.Н. Туполева</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga region) Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нигматуллин Р.Р., Литвинов А.А., Осокин С.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нигматуллин Р.Р., Литвинов А.А., Осокин С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nigmatullin R.R., Litvinov A.A., Osokin S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ellibs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/543">https://ellibs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/543</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложены основы оригинальной теории квазивоспроизводимых экспериментов (КВЭ), основанной на проверяемой гипотезе о наличии существенной корреляции (памяти) между последовательными измерениями. На основе этой гипотезы, которую авторы для краткости определяют как верифицируемый принцип частичной корреляции (ВПЧК), можно доказать, что существует универсальная подгоночная функция (УПФ) для квазивоспроизводимых (КВ) измерений. Другими словами, существуют некая общая платформа или «мост», на котором, образно говоря, «встречаются» истинная теория (претендующая на описание данных из первых принципов или проверяемых моделей) и эксперимент, предлагающий эту теорию для проверки измеренных данных, максимально «очищенных» от влияния неконтролируемых факторов и аппаратно-программной функции. Фактически предлагаемая теория дает потенциальному исследователю способ очистки исходных данных и в конечном итоге предлагает подгоночную кривую, которая описывает данные, является периодической и очищенной от набора неконтролируемых факторов. Окончательная подгоночная кривая соответствует идеальному эксперименту.
&#13;

Предложенная теория была проверена на вихревых ковариационных экологических данных по количеству/балансу CH4, CO2 и паров воды H2O в атмосфере, где расположены соответствующие детекторы для измерения содержания искомых газов.
&#13;

Для этих проверенных данных вихревой ковариации, связанных с наличием в атмосфере двух газов CH4, CO2 и паров H2O, не существует простой гипотезы, содержащей минимальное число подгоночных параметров, и, следовательно, подгоночная функция, следующая из этой теории, может служить единственным и надежным средством количественного описания такого рода данных, принадлежащих сложной системе. Следует также отметить, что окончательная подгоночная функция, очищенная от неконтролируемых факторов, становится периодической и соответствует идеальному эксперименту.
&#13;

Обсуждены приложения этой теории, ее место среди других альтернативных подходов (особенно затрагивающих профессиональные интересы экологов) и её дальнейшее развитие.
</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, the authors propose the foundations of an original theory of quasi-reproducible experiments (QRE) based on the testable hypothesis that there exists an essential correlation (memory) between successive measurements. Based on this hypothesis, which the authors define for brevity as the verified partial correlation principle (VPCP), it can be proved that there exists a universal fitting function (UFF) for quasi-reproducible (QR) measurements. In other words, there is some common platform or "bridge" on which, figuratively speaking, a true theory (claiming to describe data from first principles or verifiable models) and an experiment offering this theory for verification measured data, maximally "cleaned" from the influence of uncontrollable factors and apparatus/software function, meet. Actually, the proposed theory gives a potential researcher the method of purification of initial data and finally suggests the curve that periodic and cleaned from a set of uncontrollable factors. The final curve corresponds to an ideal experiment.
&#13;

The proposed theory has been tested on eddy covariance ecologic data related to the content of CH4, CO2 and water vapors of H2O in the local atmosphere where the corresponding detectors for measuring of the desired gases content are located.
&#13;

For these tested eddy covariance data associated with the presence in atmosphere two gases CH4, CO2 and H2O vapors there is no simple hypothesis containing a minimal number of the fitting parameters, and, therefore, the fitting function that follows from this theory can serve as the only and reliable quantitative description of this kind of data belonging to the tested complex system. We should note also that the final fitting function removed from uncontrollable factors becomes pure periodic and corresponds to an ideal experiment. Applications of this theory to practical applications, the place of this theory among other alternative approaches, (especially touching the professional interests of ecologists) and its further development are discussed in the paper.
&#13;

The paper examines the phenomenon of joint creativity of several authors, and provides examples from various fields of activity. The main attention is paid to information technologies: inventions made at the end of the 20th century are analyzed. Their authors are pairs of outstanding specialists who combined the talents of a programmer and a manager. They determined the further development of the IT industry and radically changed the quality of mankind’s way of life. The stories of the emergence of famous computers, operating systems, the World Wide Web, and network navigation tools are briefly described.
</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квазивоспроизводимые эксперименты</kwd><kwd>сложные системы</kwd><kwd>верифицируемый принцип частичной корреляции</kwd><kwd>универсальная подгоночная функция</kwd><kwd>квазипериодические измерения</kwd><kwd>квазивоспроизводимые измерения</kwd><kwd>эффекты памяти</kwd><kwd>вихревая ковариация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quasi-reproducible experiments</kwd><kwd>complex systems</kwd><kwd>verified partial correlation principle</kwd><kwd>universal fitting function</kwd><kwd>quasi-periodic measurements</kwd><kwd>quasi-reproducible measurements</kwd><kwd>memory effects</kwd><kwd>eddy covariance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigmatullin R., Rakhmatullin R. Detection of quasi-periodic processes in repeated-measurements: New approach for the ﬁtting and clusterization of different data // Communications of Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2014. V. 19. P. 4080–4093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nigmatullin R., Rakhmatullin R. Detection of quasi-periodic processes in repeated-measurements: New approach for the ﬁtting and clusterization of different data // Communications of Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2014. V. 19. P. 4080–4093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khamzin A.A., Nigmatullin R.R. and Machado J.T. Detection of quasi-periodic processes in complex systems: how do we quantitatively describe their properties? // Physica Scripta. 2014. V. 89. P. 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khamzin A.A., Nigmatullin R.R. and Machado J.T. Detection of quasi-periodic processes in complex systems: how do we quantitatively describe their properties? // Physica Scripta. 2014. V. 89. P. 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigmatullin R.R., Osokin S.I., Al-Amri S., Azam A., Baleanu D., Memic A. The First Observation of Memory Effects in the InfraRed (FT-IR) Measurements: Do Successive Measurements Remember Each Other? // PLoS ONE, Open access journal. 2014. April 9 (4) e94305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nigmatullin R.R., Osokin S.I., Al-Amri S., Azam A., Baleanu D., Memic A. The First Observation of Memory Effects in the InfraRed (FT-IR) Measurements: Do Successive Measurements Remember Each Other? // PLoS ONE, Open access journal. 2014. April 9 (4) e94305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigmatullin R.R., Osokin S.I., Rakhmatullin R.M. How to reduce reproducible measurements to an ideal experiment? // Magnetic Resonance in Solids, Electronic Journal. 2014. V. 16 (2). P. 1–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nigmatullin R.R., Osokin S.I., Rakhmatullin R.M. How to reduce reproducible measurements to an ideal experiment? // Magnetic Resonance in Solids, Electronic Journal. 2014. V. 16 (2). P. 1–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigmatullin R.R., Striccoli D., Zhang W. General theory of experiment containing reproducible data: The reduction to an ideal experiment // Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2015. V. 27. P. 175–192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nigmatullin R.R., Striccoli D., Zhang W. General theory of experiment containing reproducible data: The reduction to an ideal experiment // Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2015. V. 27. P. 175–192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuczma M. A servey of the theory of functional equations. Publikacije Elektrotehnickog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu (Publications de La Faculted'electrotechniquede L'universitea Belgrade), 1964. V. 130. P. 1–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuczma M. A servey of the theory of functional equations. Publikacije Elektrotehnickog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu (Publications de La Faculted'electrotechniquede L'universitea Belgrade), 1964. V. 130. P. 1–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvinov A.A., Nigmatullin R.R., Osokin S.I. Quasi-reproducible experiments: Universal fitting function for quantitative description of complex systems data // Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics. 2024. V. 45. No. 8. P. 3956–3971. DOI: 10.1134/S1995080224604739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinov A.A., Nigmatullin R.R., Osokin S.I. Quasi-reproducible experiments: Universal fitting function for quantitative description of complex systems data // Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics. 2024. V. 45. No. 8. P. 3956–3971. DOI: 10.1134/S1995080224604739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
